Jammu and Kashmir
is a state in northern India, often denoted by the acronym J&K.
It is located mostly in the Himalayan mountains, and shares borders with the states of Himachal
Pradesh and Punjab to the south. Jammu and Kashmir has an international border with China in the north and east,
and the Line of Control separates it from the Pakistani-administered territories of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan in the west and northwest respectively.
The state has special autonomy under Article 370 of the Constitution of India.
Rajasthan
literally, "Land of Kings" is India's largest state by area (342,239 square kilometres (132,139 sq mi) or 10.4% of India's total area). It is located on the north western side of the India, where it comprises most of the wide and inhospitable Thar Desert
(also known as the "Rajasthan Desert" and "Great Indian Desert") and shares a border with the Pakistani provinces of
Punjab to the northwest and Sindh to the west, along the Sutlej-Indus river valley. Elsewhere it is bordered by five other Indian states: Punjab to the north; Haryana and Uttar Pradesh to the northeast;
Madhya Pradesh to the southeast; and Gujarat to the southwest.
Darjeeling
tea is a tea from the Darjeeling district in West Bengal, India. It is available in black, green, white and oolong. When properly brewed, it yields a thin-bodied, light-coloured infusion with a floral aroma.
The flavour can include a tinge of astringent tannic characteristics and a musky spiciness sometimes described as "muscatel".
Unlike most Indian teas, Darjeeling tea is normally made from the small-leaved Chinese variety of
Camellia sinensis var. sinensis, rather than the large-leaved Assam plant (C. sinensis var. assamica).
Traditionally, Darjeeling tea is made as black tea; however, Darjeeling oolong and green teas are becoming more
commonly produced and easier to find, and a growing number of estates are also producing white teas. After the enactment
of Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration & Protection Act, 1999) in 2003, Darjeeling tea became the first Indian
product to receive a GI tag, in 2004–05 through the Indian Patent Office.
Outside Asia, the Awadhi language (A Hindi language)is an official language in Fiji as per the 1997 Constitution of Fiji, where it referred to it as "Hindustani", however in the 2013 Constitution of Fiji, it is simply called "Hindi". It is spoken by 380,000 people in Fiji.
A geographical indication (GI) is a name or sign used on products which corresponds to a specific geographical location or origin
(e.g. a town, region, or country). The use of a geographical indication may act as a certification that the product possesses certain
qualities, is made according to traditional methods, or enjoys a certain reputation, due to its geographical origin.
Governments have been protecting trade names and trademarks used in relation to food products identified with a particular region since
at least the end of the nineteenth century, using laws against false trade descriptions or passing off, which generally protect against
suggestions that a product has a certain origin, quality or association when it does not. In such cases, the limitation on competitive
freedoms which results from the grant of a monopoly of use over a geographical indication is justified by governments either by consumer
protection benefits or by producer protection benefits.
One of the first GI systems is the one used in France from the early part of the twentieth century known as appellation d'origine
contrôlée (AOC). Items that meet geographical origin and quality standards may be endorsed with a government-issued stamp which acts as
official certification of the origins and standards of the product to the consumer. Examples of products that have such 'appellations of
origin' include Gruyère cheese (from Switzerland) and many French wines.
Geographical indications have long been associated with the concept of terroir and with Europe as
an entity, where there is a tradition of associating certain food products with particular regions. Under European
Union Law, the protected designation of origin framework which came into effect in 1992 regulates the following systems
of geographical indications: Protected designation of origin (PDO), protected geographical indication (PGI) and Traditional Specialities
Guaranteed (TSG)
Geographical indications are generally traditional products, produced by rural communities over generations, that have gained a reputation
on the markets for their specific qualities.
The recognition and protection on the markets of the names of these products allows the community of producers to invest in
maintaining the specific qualities of the product on which the reputation is built. It may also allow them to invest together in
promoting the reputation of the product.
Observed[by whom?] rural development impacts of geographical indications are:
a structuring of the supply chain around a common product reputation,
increased and stabilised prices for the GI product,
added value distributed through all the levels of the supply chain,
preservation of the natural resources on which the product is based,
preservation of traditions and traditional know-how,
linkages to tourism
None of these impacts are guaranteed and they depend on numerous factors, including the process of developing
the geographical indications, the rules for using the GI (or Code of Practice), the inclusiveness and quality of
decision making of the GI producers association and quality of the marketing efforts undertaken
Kerala historically known as Keralam, is an Indian state in South India on the Malabar Coast.
It was formed on 1 November 1956 following the States Reorganisation Act by combining Malayalam-speaking regions.
Spread over 38,863 km2 (15,005 sq mi), it is bordered by Karnataka to the north and northeast,
Tamil Nadu to the east and south, and the Lakshadweep Sea to the west. With 33,387,677 inhabitants as per the 2011 Census,
The region has been a prominent spice exporter since 3000 BCE. The Chera Dynasty was the first prominent kingdom based in Kerala,
though it frequently struggled against attacks by the neighbouring Cholas and Pandyas.
Maharashtra is a state in the western region of India and is India's second-most populous state and third-largest state by area. Spread over 307,713 km2 (118,809 sq mi), it is bordered by the Arabian Sea to the west and the Indian states of Karnataka,
Telangana, Goa, Gujarat, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and the Union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli. It is also the world's second-most populous subnational entity. It has over 112 million inhabitants and its capital, Mumbai, has a population of approximately 18 million. Nagpur is
Maharashtra's second capital as well as its winter capital while Pune is regarded as its Cultural Capital.
to function in the language of their own choice. However, widespread resistance to the imposition of
Madhya Pradesh is a state in central India. Its capital is Bhopal and the largest city is Indore with Gwalior and
Jabalpur being the other major cities. Nicknamed the "heart of India" due to its geographical location in India,
Madhya Pradesh is the second-largest state in the country by area. With over 75 million inhabitants, it is the fifth-largest
state in India by population. It borders the states of Uttar Pradesh to the northeast, Chhattisgarh to the southeast, Maharashtra
to the south, Gujarat to the west, and Rajasthan to the northwest. Its total area is 308,252 km2. Before 2000, when Chhattisgarh was a part of
Madhya Pradesh.